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Thursday, 16 June 2022

MGT201 GDB Spring2022 Virtual Guidance

MGT201 GDB Spring2022

1. Calculation of Intrinisic value of a Bond=?

In this case this is perpetual bond because it is issued for infinite time period.

Formula for calculation o intrinsic value of a perpetual Bond

V=Interest/required rate

Values given

Face value=1000

Annual coupon=12%

Market Price M.P=980

Required rate of return(r)=15%

Putting values in formula of Intrinsic value of a perpetual bond for calculation

First of all calculate interest

Interest = 1000 X 12%

Interest = 1000 X 12/100

Interest = 120

V = Interest/required rate

V = 120/15%

V = 120/15 X 100

V = 800

MP = 980

IV = 800

M.P > Intrinsic value

Intrinsic value of a perpetual bond is Overvalued.

2. Calculation of intrinsic value of a preferred Stock =?

Given values

Face value = 80 per share

Annual dividend = 10%

Market Price = 75

Required Rate of Return = 15%

Formula for calculation of Intrinsic value of a preferred stock

V=D/r

V = Dividend/required rate

First of all calculate value of Dividend

Dividend = 80 X 10%

Dividend = 80 X 10/100

Dividend = 8

Putting values in Equation

V =8/15%

V = 8/15 X 100

V = 53.33

MP = 75

IV = 53.33

M.P > Intrinsic value

Intrinsic value for preferred stock is Overvalued.

3. Calculation of Intrinsic value of a common stock with constant growth = ?

Given values

Face value = 100 per share

Last year Dividend D = 10%

Growth rate (g) = 5%

Market value = 80

Required rate of return(r) = 15%

Formula for calculation of Intrinsic value of a common stock with constant growth

V = D1/r-g

D1 = Next years dividend

D1 = ?

D1 = D0(1+g)

D1 = 10(1+5%)

D1 = 10.5

Putting values in Intrinsic value eqation

V =D1/r-g

V = 10.5/15%-5%

V = 10.5/10%

V = 105

MP = 80

IV = 105

M.P < Intrinsic value

So Intrinsic value for common stock is Undervalued.

Part B Solution:

According to calculations of three stocks we have concluded that result that IV of

Common stock is preferable.

Due to following resons

1. When IV < Market price it is not profitable

2. When IV > Market price it is profitable

3. It is greater that market price ony in common stock case and it is undervalued.

4. So common stock with constant growth is recommended.

Thursday, 9 June 2022

WHY I SAY BLOG, BLOG AND BLOG EARNING.....

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Introduction to Sociology (SOC 101)

SEMESTER SPRING 2022

Introduction to Sociology

(SOC101)

Assignment No. 01 Solution:

Scenario

Identification of the Theorist

Major contribution in the Domain of Sociology

He was French and credited with being the founder of sociology. He migrated from a small town to Paris. He advocated for building new societies on twin foundations of science and industry rather than on religion and landowner-serf relationship.

Auguste Comte

He gave the possibility of Positivisim. He Applied logical strategies to the social world and subsequent to obtain required results and social change give another science as Sociology in 1838. He was essential pioneer behind Sociology.

He was an Englishman. He believed that society operates under some fixed laws and evolve from lower to higher forms. He was a social

philosopher rather than a social researcher.

Herbert Spenser

He was known as second founder behind Sociology. He made sense of Society work under fixed rules and regulations.

He said society developed from lower to higher structure. He applied thoughts of Darwin. He was a social scholar.

He was a German. According to him the key to human history is Conflict. He discussed the clash among two groups of people for scarce economic resources in the social world Because of his insights into the relationship between the social classes, he is claimed to be an early sociologist. He introduced one of the major perspectives in sociology.

Karl Marx

He fostered his authentic realist hypothesis and technique for concentrating on society. In the German Ideology, composed with Friedrich Engels, Marx made sense of that society is separated into two domains: the base, and the superstructure. He expounded broadly on way of thinking, financial aspects and history. He was additionally an early social scientist.

He was French. His primary goal was of getting sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline. He identified the key role of social integration in social life. A concept developed by sociologist in which we study how values, culture, and norms control the actions and beliefs of individuals and society as a whole.

Emile Durkheim

He characterized and lay out the area of Sociology as a scholastic discipline. Durkheim distsinguished Sociology from phiolosphy, economics, and other sociology disciplines by contending that society was its very own element. He recognized key job of social association.

He was a German. His thoughts on power and social classification of the individuals in the social world, which he shared in his book titled Economy and Society, led to the complex formulations of socioeconomic status and social class. The theorist described how the idea of power, property and prestige classify the individuals of the social world?

Max webler

His targeted study was cultural and historical material in order to determine how extensively what social groups mean for individuals direction to life. He was defender of anti- positivism thought and contended that society can be perceived by concentrating on friendly activities through interpretive significance the actors join to their own decisions.